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Changes between Version 2 and Version 3 of TracStandalone

Timestamp:: May 11, 2016, 1:39:07 PM (9 years ago)
Author:: trac
Comment:: --

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TracStandalone

-                      v2
+                      v3
 = Tracd =
+= Tracd
 Tracd is a lightweight standalone Trac web server.
 It can be used in a variety of situations, from a test or development server to a multiprocess setup behind another web server used as a load balancer.
 == Pros ==
+== Pros
  * Fewer dependencies: You don't need to install apache or any other web-server.
 …
  * Automatic reloading: For development, Tracd can be used in ''auto_reload'' mode, which will automatically restart the server whenever you make a change to the code (in Trac itself or in a plugin).
 == Cons ==
+== Cons
  * Fewer features: Tracd implements a very simple web-server and is not as configurable or as scalable as Apache httpd.
  * No native HTTPS support: [http://www.rickk.com/sslwrap/ sslwrap] can be used instead,
    or [http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/STunnelTracd stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd] or Apache with mod_proxy.
 == Usage examples ==
+   or [trac:wiki:STunnelTracd stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd] or Apache with mod_proxy.
+== Usage examples
 A single project on port 8080. (http://localhost:8080/)
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project
 }}}
 Stricly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use ''--hostname'' option.
 {{{
+Strictly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use the `--hostname` option.
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd --hostname=localhost -p 8080 /path/to/project
 }}}
 With more than one project. (http://localhost:8080/project1/ and http://localhost:8080/project2/)
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
 }}}
 …
 An alternative way to serve multiple projects is to specify a parent directory in which each subdirectory is a Trac project, using the `-e` option. The example above could be rewritten:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 -e /path/to
 }}}
 To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use {{{CTRL-BREAK}}} -- using {{{CTRL-C}}} will leave a Python process running in the background.
 == Installing as a Windows Service ==
 === Option 1 ===
+To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use `CTRL-BREAK` -- using `CTRL-C` will leave a Python process running in the background.
+== Installing as a Windows Service
+=== Option 1
 To install as a Windows service, get the [http://www.google.com/search?q=srvany.exe SRVANY] utility and run:
 {{{
+{{{#!cmd
  C:\path\to\instsrv.exe tracd C:\path\to\srvany.exe
  reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters /v Application /d "\"C:\path\to\python.exe\" \"C:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py\" <your tracd parameters>"
 …
 If you want tracd to start automatically when you boot Windows, do:
 {{{
+{{{#!cmd
  sc config tracd start= auto
 }}}
 …
 For Windows 7 User, srvany.exe may not be an option, so you can use [http://www.google.com/search?q=winserv.exe WINSERV] utility and run:
 {{{
+{{{#!cmd
 "C:\path\to\winserv.exe" install tracd -displayname "tracd" -start auto "C:\path\to\python.exe" c:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py <your tracd parameters>"
 net start tracd
 }}}
 === Option 2 ===
+=== Option 2
 Use [http://trac-hacks.org/wiki/WindowsServiceScript WindowsServiceScript], available at [http://trac-hacks.org/ Trac Hacks]. Installs, removes, starts, stops, etc. your Trac service.
+== Using Authentication ==
+=== Option 3
+also cygwin's cygrunsrv.exe can be used:
+{{{#!sh
+$ cygrunsrv --install tracd --path /cygdrive/c/Python27/Scripts/tracd.exe --args '--port 8000 --env-parent-dir E:\IssueTrackers\Trac\Projects'
+$ net start tracd
+}}}
+== Using Authentication
+Tracd allows you to run Trac without the need for Apache, but you can take advantage of Apache's password tools (`htpasswd` and `htdigest`) to easily create a password file in the proper format for tracd to use in authentication. (It is also possible to create the password file without `htpasswd` or `htdigest`; see below for alternatives)
+{{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em"
+**Attention:** Make sure you place the generated password files on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac will monitor their modified time and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution (like `ext2` or `ext3` on Linux, or HFS+ on OSX).
+}}}
 Tracd provides support for both Basic and Digest authentication. Digest is considered more secure. The examples below use Digest; to use Basic authentication, replace `--auth` with `--basic-auth` in the command line.
 The general format for using authentication is:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p port --auth="base_project_dir,password_file_path,realm" project_path
 }}}
 …
 Examples:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 \
    --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" /path/to/project1
 …
 Of course, the password file can be be shared so that it is used for more than one project:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 \
    --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" \
 …
 Another way to share the password file is to specify "*" for the project name:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 \
    --auth="*,/path/to/users.htdigest,mycompany.com" \
 …
 }}}
 === Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file ===
+=== Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file
 This section describes how to use `tracd` with Apache .htpasswd files.
+  Note: On Windows It is necessary to install the fcrypt package in order to
+  decode some htpasswd formats. Only `SHA-1` passwords (since Trac 1.0) work
+  without this module.
 To create a .htpasswd file use Apache's `htpasswd` command (see [#GeneratingPasswordsWithoutApache below] for a method to create these files without using Apache):
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ sudo htpasswd -c /path/to/env/.htpasswd username
 }}}
 then for additional users:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ sudo htpasswd /path/to/env/.htpasswd username2
 }}}
 Then to start `tracd` run something like this:
 {{{
  $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="projectdirname,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /fullpath/environmentname
+{{{#!sh
+ $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /path/to/project
 }}}
 For example:
 {{{
  $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="testenv,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /srv/tracenv/testenv
+{{{#!sh
+ $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /path/to/project
 }}}
 ''Note:'' You might need to pass "-m" as a parameter to htpasswd on some platforms (OpenBSD).
 === Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file ===
+=== Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file
 If you have Apache available, you can use the htdigest command to generate the password file. Type 'htdigest' to get some usage instructions, or read [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/htdigest.html this page] from the Apache manual to get precise instructions.  You'll be prompted for a password to enter for each user that you create.  For the name of the password file, you can use whatever you like, but if you use something like `users.htdigest` it will remind you what the file contains. As a suggestion, put it in your <projectname>/conf folder along with the [TracIni trac.ini] file.
+Note that you can start tracd without the --auth argument, but if you click on the ''Login'' link you will get an error.
+=== Generating Passwords Without Apache ===
+Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://www.4webhelp.net/us/password.php online HTTP Password generator].  Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system.
+You can use this simple Python script to generate a '''digest''' password file:
+{{{
+#!python
+from optparse import OptionParser
+# The md5 module is deprecated in Python 2.5
+try:
+    from hashlib import md5
+except ImportError:
+    from md5 import md5
+realm = 'trac'
+# build the options
+usage = "usage: %prog [options]"
+parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
+parser.add_option("-u", "--username",action="store", dest="username", type = "string",
+                  help="the username for whom to generate a password")
+parser.add_option("-p", "--password",action="store", dest="password", type = "string",
+                  help="the password to use")
+parser.add_option("-r", "--realm",action="store", dest="realm", type = "string",
+                  help="the realm in which to create the digest")
+(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
+# check options
+if (options.username is None) or (options.password is None):
+   parser.error("You must supply both the username and password")
+if (options.realm is not None):
+   realm = options.realm
+# Generate the string to enter into the htdigest file
+kd = lambda x: md5(':'.join(x)).hexdigest()
+print ':'.join((options.username, realm, kd([options.username, realm, options.password])))
+}}}
+Note: If you use the above script you must set the realm in the `--auth` argument to '''`trac`'''. Example usage (assuming you saved the script as trac-digest.py):
+{{{
+ $ python trac-digest.py -u username -p password >> c:\digest.txt
+ $ tracd --port 8000 --auth=proj_name,c:\digest.txt,trac c:\path\to\proj_name
+Note that you can start tracd without the `--auth` argument, but if you click on the ''Login'' link you will get an error.
+=== Generating Passwords Without Apache
+Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://aspirine.org/htpasswd_en.html online HTTP Password generator] which also supports `SHA-1`.  Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system. Note that Windows Python lacks the "crypt" module that is the default hash type for htpasswd. Windows Python can grok MD5 password hashes just fine and you should use MD5.
+Trac also provides `htpasswd` and `htdigest` scripts in `contrib`:
+{{{#!sh
+$ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -cb htpasswd user1 user1
+$ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -b htpasswd user2 user2
+}}}
+{{{#!sh
+$ ./contrib/htdigest.py -cb htdigest trac user1 user1
+$ ./contrib/htdigest.py -b htdigest trac user2 user2
 }}}
 ==== Using `md5sum`
 It is possible to use `md5sum` utility to generate digest-password file:
+{{{
+ $ printf "${user}:trac:${password}" | md5sum - >>user.htdigest
+}}}
+and manually delete " -" from the end and add "${user}:trac:" to the start of line from 'to-file'.
+== Reference ==
+{{{#!sh
+user=
+realm=
+password=
+path_to_file=
+echo ${user}:${realm}:$(printf "${user}:${realm}:${password}" | md5sum - | sed -e 's/\s\+-//') > ${path_to_file}
+}}}
+== Reference
 Here's the online help, as a reminder (`tracd --help`):
 …
   -b HOSTNAME, --hostname=HOSTNAME
                         the host name or IP address to bind to
   --protocol=PROTOCOL   http|scgi|ajp
+  --protocol=PROTOCOL   http|scgi|ajp|fcgi
   -q, --unquote         unquote PATH_INFO (may be needed when using ajp)
   --http10              use HTTP/1.0 protocol version (default)
   --http11              use HTTP/1.1 protocol version instead of HTTP/1.0
+  --http10              use HTTP/1.0 protocol version instead of HTTP/1.1
+  --http11              use HTTP/1.1 protocol version (default)
   -e PARENTDIR, --env-parent-dir=PARENTDIR
                         parent directory of the project environments
 …
   -r, --auto-reload     restart automatically when sources are modified
   -s, --single-env      only serve a single project without the project list
+}}}
+== Tips ==
+=== Serving static content ===
+  -d, --daemonize       run in the background as a daemon
+  --pidfile=PIDFILE     when daemonizing, file to which to write pid
+  --umask=MASK          when daemonizing, file mode creation mask to use, in
+                        octal notation (default 022)
+  --group=GROUP         the group to run as
+  --user=USER           the user to run as
+}}}
+Use the -d option so that tracd doesn't hang if you close the terminal window where tracd was started.
+== Tips
+=== Serving static content
 If `tracd` is the only web server used for the project,
 …
 Example: given a `$TRAC_ENV/htdocs/software-0.1.tar.gz` file,
 the corresponding relative URL would be `/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz`,
+which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax).
+ ''Support for `htdocs:` TracLinks syntax was added in version 0.10''
+which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax).
 === Using tracd behind a proxy
 …
 See also [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp], [trac:TracNginxRecipe].
+=== Serving a different base path than / ===
+=== Authentication for tracd behind a proxy
+It is convenient to provide central external authentication to your tracd instances, instead of using `--basic-auth`. There is some discussion about this in [trac:#9206].
+Below is example configuration based on Apache 2.2, mod_proxy, mod_authnz_ldap.
+First we bring tracd into Apache's location namespace.
+{{{#!apache
+<Location /project/proxified>
+        Require ldap-group cn=somegroup, ou=Groups,dc=domain.com
+        Require ldap-user somespecificusertoo
+        ProxyPass http://localhost:8101/project/proxified/
+        # Turns out we don't really need complicated RewriteRules here at all
+        RequestHeader set REMOTE_USER %{REMOTE_USER}s
+</Location>
+}}}
+Then we need a single file plugin to recognize HTTP_REMOTE_USER header as valid authentication source. HTTP headers like '''HTTP_FOO_BAR''' will get converted to '''Foo-Bar''' during processing. Name it something like '''remote-user-auth.py''' and drop it into '''proxified/plugins''' directory:
+{{{#!python
+from trac.core import *
+from trac.config import BoolOption
+from trac.web.api import IAuthenticator
+class MyRemoteUserAuthenticator(Component):
+    implements(IAuthenticator)
+    obey_remote_user_header = BoolOption('trac', 'obey_remote_user_header', 'false',
+               """Whether the 'Remote-User:' HTTP header is to be trusted for user logins
+                (''since ??.??').""")
+    def authenticate(self, req):
+        if self.obey_remote_user_header and req.get_header('Remote-User'):
+            return req.get_header('Remote-User')
+        return None
+}}}
+Add this new parameter to your TracIni:
+{{{#!ini
+[trac]
+...
+obey_remote_user_header = true
+...
+}}}
+Run tracd:
+{{{#!sh
+tracd -p 8101 -s proxified --base-path=/project/proxified
+}}}
+Note that if you want to install this plugin for all projects, you have to put it in your [TracPlugins#Plugindiscovery global plugins_dir] and enable it in your global trac.ini.
+Global config (e.g. `/srv/trac/conf/trac.ini`):
+{{{#!ini
+[components]
+remote-user-auth.* = enabled
+[inherit]
+plugins_dir = /srv/trac/plugins
+[trac]
+obey_remote_user_header = true
+}}}
+Environment config (e.g. `/srv/trac/envs/myenv`):
+{{{#!ini
+[inherit]
+file = /srv/trac/conf/trac.ini
+}}}
+=== Serving a different base path than /
 Tracd supports serving projects with different base urls than /<project>. The parameter name to change this is
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd --base-path=/some/path
 }}}